/* Copyright 2025, Gurobi Optimization, LLC
This example formulates and solves the following simple model
with PWL constraints:
maximize
sum c[j] * x[j]
subject to
sum A[i,j] * x[j] <= 0, for i = 0, ..., m-1
sum y[j] <= 3
y[j] = pwl(x[j]), for j = 0, ..., n-1
x[j] free, y[j] >= 0, for j = 0, ..., n-1
where pwl(x) = 0, if x = 0
= 1+|x|, if x != 0
Note
1. sum pwl(x[j]) <= b is to bound x vector and also to favor sparse x vector.
Here b = 3 means that at most two x[j] can be nonzero and if two, then
sum x[j] <= 1
2. pwl(x) jumps from 1 to 0 and from 0 to 1, if x moves from negative 0 to 0,
then to positive 0, so we need three points at x = 0. x has infinite bounds
on both sides, the piece defined with two points (-1, 2) and (0, 1) can
extend x to -infinite. Overall we can use five points (-1, 2), (0, 1),
(0, 0), (0, 1) and (1, 2) to define y = pwl(x)
*/
import com.gurobi.gurobi.*;
import java.util.*;
public class GCPWL {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int n = 5;
int m = 5;
double c[] = { 0.5, 0.8, 0.5, 0.1, -1 };
double A[][] = { {0, 0, 0, 1, -1},
{0, 0, 1, 1, -1},
{1, 1, 0, 0, -1},
{1, 0, 1, 0, -1},
{1, 0, 0, 1, -1} };
double xpts[] = {-1, 0, 0, 0, 1};
double ypts[] = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2};
// Env and model
GRBEnv env = new GRBEnv();
GRBModel model = new GRBModel(env);
model.set(GRB.StringAttr.ModelName, "GCPWL");
// Add variables, set bounds and obj coefficients
GRBVar[] x = model.addVars(n, GRB.CONTINUOUS);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i].set(GRB.DoubleAttr.LB, -GRB.INFINITY);
x[i].set(GRB.DoubleAttr.Obj, c[i]);
}
GRBVar[] y = model.addVars(n, GRB.CONTINUOUS);
// Set objective to maximize
model.set(GRB.IntAttr.ModelSense, GRB.MAXIMIZE);
// Add linear constraints
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
GRBLinExpr le = new GRBLinExpr();
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
le.addTerm(A[i][j], x[j]);
}
model.addConstr(le, GRB.LESS_EQUAL, 0, "cx" + i);
}
GRBLinExpr le1 = new GRBLinExpr();
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
le1.addTerm(1.0, y[j]);
}
model.addConstr(le1, GRB.LESS_EQUAL, 3, "cy");
// Add piecewise constraints
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
model.addGenConstrPWL(x[j], y[j], xpts, ypts, "pwl" + j);
}
// Optimize model
model.optimize();
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
System.out.println("x[" + j + "] = " + x[j].get(GRB.DoubleAttr.X));
}
System.out.println("Obj: " + model.get(GRB.DoubleAttr.ObjVal));
// Dispose of model and environment
model.dispose();
env.dispose();
} catch (GRBException e) {
System.out.println("Error code: " + e.getErrorCode() + ". " +
e.getMessage());
}
}
}